Comprehensive Studies on Hydrocarbon Transport in Bulk Emergency Preparedness in Perspective of Statutory Requirement and Industrial Guidelines

Abstract

This study examines emergency preparedness for hydrocarbon transport operators from the perspective of industrial guidelines and statutory requirements, focusing on the Tanker Management and Self-Assessment (TMSA) and International Safety Management (ISM) codes. The growing global demand for hydrocarbons has expanded the fleet servicing the sector, but an increasing number of incidents has accompanied this growth. Utilising a semi-qualitative approach, the study conducted direct surveys with shipping management to assess their readiness to handle emergencies. The findings reveal a significant gap between company policy and shipboard implementation. Key issues include inadequate response team support, poorly conducted emergency drills, and a lack of coordination between shore-based management and shipboard crew, which hinder effective emergency management. The study highlights improved training, communication, and alignment between operational practices and policy to ensure better preparedness and incident mitigation.