Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction from the Shift of Private Vehicles to Mass Transportation Operated by Transjakarta

Abstract

The Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system in a city is a key element of sustainable transportation because it offers a solution to reduce congestion by encouraging people to use public transportation. Jakarta has one of the best-implemented BRT systems in Indonesia and serves as a significant mitigation strategy to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from road transport. This study seeks to assess the potential GHG emissions reduction from the operation of Jakarta's BRT system, as well as the fuel efficiency improvements resulting from the shift of private vehicle users to mass public transport. The study used quantitative data, comparing BRT operational data with the average trips of private vehicles assumed to switch to buses. The findings show that the potential reduction in GHG emissions from diesel-fueled BRT operations in Jakarta in 2023 is 256.906,12 tons of CO₂, while the potential decrease in GHG emissions from CNG-fueled BRT operations is 61.706,62 tons of CO₂. Furthermore, BRT operations contribute to energy efficiency by saving fuels as people shift from using private vehicles to using BRT for their daily mobility. The potential energy efficiency from the operation of the BRT system in Jakarta in 2023 is 794.341,57 Barrel Oil Equivalent (BOE), with 646.135,58 BOE for diesel-fueled and 153.221,88 BOE for CNG-fueled operations.